ABSTRACT:

"An angry dispute or altercation; a disagreement marked by a temporary or permanent break in friendly relations" are called quarrel. Violence against women is a serious problem in India. Overall, one-third of women age 15-49 have experienced physical violence and about 1 in 10 has experienced sexual violence. In total, 35 percent have experienced physical or sexual violence. The aim of the present study is to achieve following objectives: to find out incidences of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women of Chhattisgarh, to explore causes of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women of Chhattisgarh, to suggest some advice for reducing violence against tribal women. Five villages of Dhamtari District (Chhattisgarh), namely: Kosmarra, Chararra, Bhushrenga, Kanharpuri and Bhalujhula have been selected by the random sampling. After that, 200 married and unmarried women belonging to the Pardhi tribe and Gond tribe, aged 15-56 years were chosen by random sampling method from those five villages. The interview cum structured schedule was used to collect the primary data. Group discussion technique was also used to collect and cross- checks the data. Almost all the respondents among Pardhi and the Gond tribal women have tormented by quarrel from time to time. Some of the women have faced every day this type of terrible situation, this vulnerable group of women may have victims of physical violence. Husbands of the Pardhi and the Gond women are the main accused of such kinds of domestic violence. The disappointment of the performance of housework of the respondents is the main cause of quarrel. There is no significant divergence found on the variation of the various issues for the domestic quarrel with women of the Pardhi and the Gond.   

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005 of Section 3 of the Act, defines that  “any act, omission or commission or conduct of the respondent shall constitute domestic violence in case it: harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse; or harasses, harms, injures or endangers the aggrieved person with a view to coerce her or any other person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any dowry or other property or valuable security; or has the effect of threatening the aggrieved person or

 

any person related to her by any conduct mentioned in clause (a) or clause (b); or Otherwise injures or causes harm, whether physical or mental, to the aggrieved person.”

 

Gender violence defines:  it is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or other abuse by one person in a domestic context against another, such as in marriage or cohabitation. Intimate partner violence is domestic violence by a spouse or partner in an intimate relationship against the other spouse or partner. Domestic violence can take place in heterosexual or same-sex relationships (Premi, 2014).

 

Violence against women is a serious problem in India. Overall, one-third of women age 15-49 have experienced physical violence and about 1 in 10 has experienced sexual violence. In total, 35 percent have experienced physical or sexual violence. This figure translates into millions of women who have suffered, and continue to suffer, at the hands of husbands and other family members (NFHS-III, 2007)

 

These are the various kinds of violence against women : Acid throwing, Breast ironing, Bride burning, Dating abuse, Domestic violence outline management and pregnancy, Dowry death, Eve teasing ,Honor killing, Female genital mutilation, Gishiri cutting, Infibulations, Female infanticide, Feticide, Foot binding, Force-feeding, Forced abortion, Forced marriage, Forced pregnancy, Forced prostitution, Human trafficking, Murder of pregnant women, Raptio, Sati, Violence against prostitutes, Sexual violence, Sexual assault, Campus sexual assault, Mass sexual assault, Rape and pregnancy, Sexual slavery etc. Quarrel with women is also a big violence against women because Dictonary.com (2016) stated that "an angry dispute or altercation; a disagreement marked by a temporary or permanent break in friendly relations" are called quarrel. Similarly, Thefreedictionary.com (2016) defines; "an interaction in which the parties involved express angry disagreement with one another: I changed the subject to avoid being drawn into a quarrel". The present study is focused on quarrel against Pardhi and Gond tribes of Chhatisgarh.

 

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The aim of the present study is to achieve following objectives:

1.      To find out incidences of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women of Chhattisgarh.

2.      To explore causes of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women of Chhattisgarh.

3.      To suggest some advice for reducing violence against tribal women.

 

MATERIAL AND METHOD:  

Nature of the present study is quantitative, the universe of this study were cross-cultural groups. To fulfill the objectives of the study, five villages of Dhamtari District (Chhattisgarh), namely: Kosmarra, Chararra, Bhushrenga, Kanharpuri and Bhalujhula have been selected by the random sampling. After that, 200 married and unmarried women belonging to the Pardhi tribe and Gond tribe, aged 15-56 years were chosen by random sampling method from those five villages. These 200 women shared 100-100 to the Pardhi tribe and Gond tribe, respectively. The interview cum structured schedule was used to collect the primary data. Group discussion technique was also used to collect and cross- checks the data. The photographs were taken for validation of data based on the given situation and incidents related to the subject. Written consent was taken from the respondents about their information and data are duly obtained prior interviews with respondents. Apart from that prior to the interviews, it was discussed our objectives and our interview schedules our written oath with respondents in detail.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

Socio-demographic characteristics

Educational Status:

Table no.1 reveals that 30% of the respondents were illiterate, similarly, respondents belonging to the Pardhi and the Gonds were 33% and 27% respectively, also were illiterate. The majority of the respondents (41%) have attained primary school education; respondents belonging to the Pardhi tribe were showed high proportion as compared than the Gond women. On the other hand, the high proportion of the Gond women has attained middle school education as compared than the Pardhi women. Interestingly, not any respondents can be attained high school education. Therefore, it is said that education status of both tribal women was insignificant.

 

 

Table No. 1:  Educational Status of the Respondents

	Level of Education	Cross-Cultural Groups
		Pardhi		Gond			Total
		No. of Respondents	Percentage	No. of Respondents		Percentage	No. of Respondents	Percentage
	Illiterate	33	33	27	27		60	30
	Literate	2	2	13	13		15	7.5
	Primary	48	48	34	34		82	41
	Middle School	17	17	26	26		43	21.5
	Total	100	100	100	100		200	100

 

 

Marital Status: Table no. 2 shows that more than 80% respondents were married, 10% of all was widows and only 4% of all was divorced. The very few of them were unmarried (3%) and separated (2%), respectively. The majority of the respondent was daughters-in-law that is why this kind of universe is extremely feet for the purpose of the present study.

 

 

 

 

Table No. 2: Marital Status of the Respondents

 

 

Quarrel with Women

Prevalence of Quarrel with Women: Table no. 3 reveals that high prevalence of quarrel with Pardhi and Gond women. Almost all respondents have experienced quarrel with her by their domestic relatives. These results are also showed there is no significant difference between the Pardh and the Gond on these particular detrimental incidents.

 

 

Table No. 3: Ever Experiences of Quarrel by the Respondents

	Ever Experiences of Quarrel	Cross-Cultural Groups
		Pardhi		Gond			Total
		No. of Respondents	Percentage	No. of Respondents		Percentage	No. of Respondents	Percentage
	No	1	1		5	5	6	3
	Yes	99	99		95	95	194	97
	Total	100	100		100	100	200	100

 

Occasion of Experiences of Quarrel by the Respondents:  Table no. 4 reveals that quarrel among the Pardhi and the Gond women is not a serious matter because more than half of the respondents (56.62%) reported that they have faced incidents of the quarrel in very irregular manner. Some of those are (24.48%) said the incidents of quarrel with them are only once in a year, another of those are (32.14) said they have faced the situation of the domestic quarrel within more than one year. At the same time as, 43.38% respondents have frequently countenanced the domestic quarrel. Some of those are (4.59%) bearded every day this kind of unpleasant state of affairs. Similarly, 8.67% respondents said they have tortured at least once in a week by the domestic quarrel, followed by 30% respondents have faced quarrel among them within once in a month. The difference between the Pardhi and the Gond women on this obnoxious state of affairs are not significant because more or less equal number of respondents of both communities have experienced domestic quarrel in the same frequency. Although the Pardhi women are more vulnerable, as compared than the Gond women on the basis of every day tortured by the quarrel.

 

 

 

Table No. 4: Occasion of Experiences of Quarrel by the Respondents

  

 

 

Quarreler of the respondents: Table no. 5 presents the person who responsible for the quarrel with the Pardhi and the Gond women. On the basis of this table, it can be said that husbands of the respondents are highest (44.16%) quarreler of her wives. After that, the mothers-in-law & fathers-in-law of the respondents have chastised their daughters' in-law by the quarrel with them. Apart from those the brothers of the husbands of the respondents (18.33%) and wives of the husbands' (10.83%) are also accused of torture by quarrel to the respondents. There is no significant divergence on the variation of the quarreler between the Pardhi and the Gond women.

 

 

 

 

Table No. 5: Quarreler of the respondents

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table No. 6: Causes of Quarrel with the respondents

 

 

 

Causes of Quarrel with the respondents:

Table no. 6 shows that dissatisfaction of the housework of the respondents is the main cause of domestic quarrel with the Pardhi and the Gond women.  While some (14.5%) are tortured for not cooking delicious food stuff, followed by 10.5% women are quarreled for children's related matter and the demand of dowry, respectively. Some respondents have reported that they are tortured for her ugliness (4.5%), her skin color (4.5%) and her fatty physique (1%).  There is no significant divergence on the variation of the causes for the domestic quarrel with the women of the Pardhi and the Gond women.

 

CONCLUSION:

On the light on the above facts and findings, it is concluded that almost all the Pardhi and the Gond tribal women have tormented by quarrel from time to time. Some of the women have faced every day this type of terrible situation, this vulnerable group of women may have victims of physical violence. Husbands of the Pardhi and the Gond women are the main accused of such kinds of domestic violence. The disappointment of the performance of housework of the respondents is the main cause of quarrel. There is no significant divergence found on the variation of the various issues for the domestic quarrel with the women of the Pardhi and the Gond.   

 

 

REFERENCES:

Dictonary.com (2016). Definition of quarrel. Retrieved on 07 August 2016 from     http://www.dictionary.com/browse/quarreling

NFHS-III. (2007).  National Family Health Survey III. Mumbai, India: International Institute for Population Sciences.

Parliament of India (2005).India, Parliament in the Fifty-sixth Year of the Republic of India, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Act. No. 43 OF 2005.

Premi, J.K. (2014). The Issues and Measures of Gender violence with reference to Reproductive Health. International J. Advances in Social Sciences, 2(4): 191-197.

Thefreedictionary.com (2016). Definition of quarrel. Retrieved on 07 August 2016 from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quarrel