INTRODUCTION:

The mindset of people from “my knowledge” should definitely change to “our knowledge”. People should not be dogmatic. Today is an era of globalization where there is an emerging need of raising awareness of the importance of knowledge to development work and its contested nature in a learning corporate environment. Indeed knowledge and information are understood to be as important a factor for organizational success as physical and financial capital used to be in the past. Many knowledge management practices undertaken by various business houses are partner meetings, collecting best practices, building a repository, intranet, reflection days, monitoring and evaluating projects and programs, yellow pages for staff and experts, culture change process, internal staff exchange programs, reality checks, expertise locators, implementation of collaboration tools like wikis, forums, etc, knowledge audits, communities of practice (CoPs) and knowledge networks, learning partnerships, restructuring of the organization, office restructuring, knowledge services for partners, (e-magazine, inter-organizational CoPs, policy networks, knowledge centres, action research, thematic portals, open access conferences, think tanks, help desks and advisory services etc. Interaction, transfer and sharing of knowledge are very much critical to success of any organization.In order to keep an organization moving along smoothly, it is essential to make sure that people in the organization have a place to store the knowledge that they have garnered, and for others , For example, the McDonald’s restaurant’s operating manual captures almost every aspect of the restaurant management, including cooking, nutrition, hygiene, marketing, food production, and accounting which creates value addition to the working environment and satisfaction to the customers.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

In order to keep an organization moving along smoothly, it is essential to make sure that people in the organization have a place to store the knowledge that they have garnered, and for others to be able access it easily. How knowledge is passed within and outside of an organization is the organization’s knowledge flow. The process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning, and decision making is called Knowledge Management (KM). “Knowledge can be enormously costly, and is often scattered in widely uneven fragments, too small to be individually usable in decision making. The communication and coordination of these scattered fragments of knowledge is one of the basic problems – perhaps the basic problem of any society.”-Thomas Sowell. According to Callahan “If knowledge as an iceberg, then Information Management (IM) is dealing with the tip of the iceberg – information, whereas Knowledge Management equally deals with the larger underwater part of the iceberg that represents intangible knowledge (Callahan et al, 2006). ).Knowledge management increases the ability to learn from its environment and to incorporate knowledge into the business processes by adapting to new tools and technologies (Liautaud and Hammond, 2001).

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To understand the relevance of knowledge management in B-schools in India ?

2. To gain an understanding about the knowledge sharing practices?

3. To understand the important role of social media in knowledge sharing ?

4. To understand the barriers associated with knowledge sharing practices in current scenario?

5. To understand the suggestions for overcoming the same?

Relevance of Knowledge management in B-schools in India

There has been indeed a paradigm shifting management education in India. The new breed of management professionals need to be efficient to tackle problems from cross functional, cultural and ethical perspectives and equipped with skills, talents & strengths to benchmark for global leadership positions. There has been a crying need to strive to form a quality environment and to benchmark the same with world standards. We have made an attempt to support our framework by analyzing one of the Knowledge Management tools that was implemented in India’s Test Institute of Management (TIM), (a pseudonym is given to mask the institution’s name) suitable. Business schools (B-schools) use information technology (IT) based tools for admissions, registrations, time table processing and performance evaluations of their faculty, students, staff and administrations discuss the role and implementation of knowledge portals in digital workspace. The institutes have been making substantial investments in knowledge management practices & information technologies to meet their goals to increase the effectiveness of operations and information systems. All institutes are using the information about their students to gain insights into bigger issues like students ’performance, placements, students’ admissions termed as rating).There is an increased adoption of new applications that includes ranking the management institutes, assessing the quality of lecture delivery, assessing the programs and courses, measuring the performance of students and faculty, tracking research and developments and enhancing faculty development.. Any management institute will look forward for its abreast strategic position in their continuous ratings by news papers and business magazines for competitive advantage. Sharing knowledge among faculty, staff, students, course, programs, placements and administration is usually done in all management institutes administrators and accounts managers to access and develop online resources to enhance learning and teaching. For example, students query for the marks subject wise or program wise in a term, students submit faculty feedback, select the elective courses for various terms or take online quiz, students submit assignments online to their faculty directly or submit to academic program office, students verify attendance records for any course or program, students access timetables term to term, students handbook, time table and course outlines are available through this interface in the intranet server, faculty assign marks and award grades to students, grades are visualized by line, pie and bar charts, faculty build questions bank to design and conduct on line quizzes, quiz is evaluated automatically and marks are submitted, notices regarding schedule of quizzes are mentioned, faculties check the feedback for their respective courses, students and faculty. The claim, that management institutes possess state of the art modern information infrastructure may be true locally. The recording of computer usages by students at labs, security control systems at main entrance for incoming/outgoing of vehicles, registration forms for various courses, salary slips generation for faculty and staff and intra and inter department circulars and notices are based on paper document with very little Information Technology (IT) support.

Knowledge Sharing Practices:

1. Social Return on Investment (SROI)

A Social Return on Investment (SROI) analysis is a process of understanding, measuring and reporting on the social, environmental and economic values created by companies and organizations. It includes monetizing this value. It was designed by the REDF in the USA and comprises 4 stages: planning, implementation, reporting and embedding information.

2. Communities of Practice

An organization might use Communities of Practice (CoPs) to support knowledge sharing between professionals with the aim to better use the knowledge available in the organization.

3. Quantifying the knowledge:

Figures or trends in figures can also be a good signal, for instance the number of people who voluntarily attend network meetings, the number of times documents are downloaded, the number of comments that a weblog receives, do say something about the perceived value by the professionals who participated.

ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN KNOWLEDGE SHARING

Social media like you tubes, facebook, blogs etc plays a very important role in knowledge sharing. Facebook is more popular among all that whatever we write on the blog, it is used only among a group of classmates. For example, classmates can get in touch with other colleagues through facebook and know and learn more about a particular thing. It is found to be a productive platform for knowledge capture compared with blogs. It is a medium promoting high degree of engagement in reflecting knowledge, experience and permits knowledge transfer. It supports the informal expression of social supports among users. We can draw conclusions of its popularity on the basis of following results:

· 83% of US office workers used office resources to access social media;

· 30% of office workers in the US

· 42% of UK office workers admitted to discussing work-related issues via social media applications

· 40.8% of IT and business decision-makers indicated that they believed that social media is relevant in today’s corporate environment; and

· only 11.1% of IT and business leaders were already making use of social media in their businesses.

Technology	Description
Blogging (Web blog)	Blogs are a self publishing tool that resembles online journals where an owner can periodically post messages. Readers can subscribe to a blog, link to it, share links, post comments in an interactive format and indicate their social relationship to other bloggers who read the particular blog.
Wikis	A wiki is a Website that allows online collaboration by allowing multiple users to add, remove or edit content and change content. It also allows linking among any number of pages.

BARRIERS ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE SHAIRNG PRACTICES

Knowledge existed inside the organization, but identifying that it existed, finding it, and leveraging it remained problematic (Cranfield University, 1998). So, knowledge sharing is a major concern which contains many barriers like:

1. Lack of top management support towards creation of a learning environment

2. Attitude of the employees to not to share the personal information/expertise

3. Lack of employee time to contribute their knowledge

4. Lack of reward sharing by employers

5. Many organizations do not invest sufficient time in sharing, teaching and mentoring others

6. On the other hand, the more readily available, the greater the likelihood of knowledge misuse, i.e., knowledge being misapplied to a different context simply because the search costs would be too high to find a new, better solution.

7. On the other hand, the more readily available, the greater the likelihood of knowledge misuse, i.e., knowledge being misapplied to a different context simply because the search costs would be too high to find a new, better solution.

SUGGESTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

There are several ways of managing and sharing knowledge in an organization They are:

1. Effective use of information & technology in a learning environment

2. Effective human resource strategies like recruitment and selection, training and development should be introduced.

3. Reward sharing facilities should be introduced into a learning environment

4. 24/7 accessibility knowledge centres should be there

CONCLUSIONS:

We will label knowing what does not work as ‘obverse knowledge.’ Ignorance of obverse knowledge can result in repeating mistakes, costly rework, wasting resources, and destroying value. This is the first type of ignorance. The expected benefit of obverse knowledge is the avoided cost multiplied by the probability of doing what does not work in the absence of obverse knowledge. Individuals learn from their own mistakes and do not repeat them, so the cost from the first type of ignorance is shouldered by organizations; it arises from individuals’ unwillingness to acknowledge and share what does not work to other users in the organization.So, that successful KM is 10% systems and IT and 90% people and culture, so there should be spirit of managing & sharing knowledge in an organization. The essence of teaching lies increasing an insatiable love for knowledge in the students, a love for knowledge that will not die when they leave educational institutions, but will continue to influence them till the end of their lives, so there is an urge of conversion of tactic knowledge to explicit knowledge.

REFERENCES:

1. Hulsebosch Joitske, Turpin Mark and Wagenaar Sibrenne (2009), “Monitoring and evaluating knowledge management strategies”, IKM Backgroung Paper

2. Maryam Alavi and Dorothy E. Leidner (2009), “Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues”,

3. Dr. Parag Sanghani, “Knowledge Management: Inter Industry Comparison in India

4. Talisayon D. Serafin (2009), “Monitoring and Evaluation in Knowledge Management for Development”, IKM Working Paper No. 3,

5. Ranjan Jayanthi and Khalil Saani (2007), “Application of Knowledge Management in Management Education: A Conceptual Framework”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology

6. Rašul a Jelena, Bosilj Vesna a Vu kšić and Mojca Indihar Štemb erg er, “The Impact of Knowledge management on organizational performance”, Economic and business review | VOL. 14 | No. 2 | 2012 | 147–168

7. Professor Ingi Runar Edwardsson (2004), “Knowledge Management and HRM Strategies”,

Received on 30.06.2020 Modified on 15.07.2020

Res. J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 2020; 11(3):247-250.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5828.2020.00040.6