I. INTRODUCTION:

E-Governance is an instrument based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to providing Government services, between Government-to-Citizens (G to C), Government-to-Business (G to B) and Government-to-Government (G to G). Through e-Governance, Government provides services in SMART (Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsible, and Transparent manner. The government services are nowadays available to all citizens on e-governance platform.

E-Governance is a tool and instrument of administration use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in mutual interactions between the state, citizens, and businesses.

The characteristics of good governance, The UNDP states Nine major characteristics of Good governance they are Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Orientation, Equity, Effectiveness and Efficiency Accountability and Strategic Vision. Source: UNDP, (1997) Government for sustainable Human Development. United Nations-Development Program.

2. NECESSITY OF E-GOVERNANCE:

Karnataka state is attempting to provide reliable, robust, secured services to all sections of the society. In this context, the aim of e-governance is to simplify and improve the governance system by enabling people’s participation in governance. ICT plays an important role in achieving goals of the public sector and which also work for the economic and social growth.

E-Governance is the transformation of administration from the government towards recipients, at low cost. It eases the communication and makes better coordination of authorities at different levels of government, within the system and at departmental level. Further, e-Governance helps in delivering the quality services in a faster rate at minimal cost by streamlining processes, record-keeping, improving research capabilities, and improving documentation.

3. OBJECTIVES OF E-GOVERNANCE:

a) Defining and elaborating the concept of e-Governance.

b) Insight into the various initiatives taken by the state of Karnataka and how are same initiatives being implemented in Karnataka.

c) To know the difficulties in implementation of E-Governance Programs in the state.

4. E-GOVERNANCE PROGRAM OF KARNATAKA:

The Government of India and State Governments have taken many steps to adopt e-governance in Public Administration such as Public Services like Agriculture, Revenue, police administration, Health services, education, commercial, Rural services, Social services, Public Information and Municipal Services, etc. The Information Technology initiative of Karnataka government aims to provide beneficiary centric programs, connectivity and improve the efficiency of government system. Information Technology applied in the following areas.

4.1. Secretariat Local Area Network (LAN):

Karnataka has founded a Secretariat Local Area Network (LAN) by connecting of 1,000 computers in 40 regime departments and 6,000 secretariats. The National Informatics Centre (NIC) of the Karnataka state provided software support. The project has following components Patra- the Letter Monitoring System, Kadatha-File Monitoring System, Mokaddame- Court Case Monitoring, Aayavyaya- Budget Monitoring, Sibbandi- Personal data System, Customer network.

4.2. Khajane:

Karnataka’s Online Treasury System Technology has helped in shaping up the full government system to get rid of all pitfalls within the management. The govt. system is getting computerized and arranged through online treasury system, Khajane, the treasury system maintained by the govt. of Karnataka has become easier and better to manage. With Khajane, the 216 treasury offices are connected to one home office server at the Secretariat office within the state using VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal). Khajane application provides updates and receipts to the server. An integrated Treasury automation has come up and helps in achieving complete transparency and control over the transactions. khajane a software application designed and developed by the CMS, an organization company belongs to TATA.

4.3. Kaveri (Karnataka Valuation and e-registration Project):

KAVERI Online service is a web based application of Department of Stamps and Registration, Government of Karnataka that gives interface to the citizen to enter details and book appointment for document registration and also provides facility to go looking for required Index and registered copies. These services enable citizen to download Index (List of transactions on the searched property) and replica of the document. Citizens may book appointment for registering documents. This project help citizen to test the current property owners helps citizens in checking the genuinely of the registered document and also helps citizens to appointment for document registration.

4.4. Bhoomi:

This is a flagship project of Karnataka regime, is a Land Records management system. The project was inaugurated within the year 2000. Under this project, all the manual RTCs which prevailed at the time of knowledge entry were digitized and made available to the citizen.

4.5. Nemmadi Kendras:

Bhoomi Project despite significantly improving the delivery of land records to the citizens. Earlier, the citizens could not get the land records at Village and that they had to visit the taluk headquarters to urge records. But after implementation of Nhoomi Project, Citizens are able to get the required documents at the village only. Therefore, this regime understood this problem and implement Nemmadi Kendras for delivering land records and other e-governance services.

4.6. Crop Loan Waiver System:

CLWS is an innovative application, developed in house by Bhoomi Monitoring Cell, Revenue Department, and Govt. of Karnataka to enable direct benefit transfer of Loan Waiver Project by regime through Aadhaar Enabled Payment Service.

4.7. Parihara:

Parihara is innovative web-based application was developed by Revenue Department (Bhoomi Monitoring Cell and Disaster Management), Government of Karnataka to produce Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) through Aadhaar Able Payment Service.

4.8. Pahani online (i-RTC):

Pahani Online is solely getting ORIGINAL RECORD OF RIGHTS on Internet anywhere and anytime. You’ll pay Rs. 15 online and acquire RTC from anywhere. First within the country, this can be initiative launched by Government of Karnataka.

4.9. Atal Janasnehi project:

The Atalji Janasnehi Project aims to produce various services to the citizens through the Atalji Janasnehi Kendras (Nadakacheries) which are easily access to the citizens. The services are made available through online portal. It uses computer based delivering the services and it ensures uniform application of rules and transparency. The electronic mode of delivering services to the citizen to understand the status of their applications and therefore the competent authority to monitoring the pendency on real-time resulting in general task of the method is enable and improve the department to produce the services to the citizen in an effecient manner. The Atalji Janasnehi Kendras Project aim to produce the assorted services to the citizen like issuing of the Agriculture related certificates, land and social security pensions, Caste and Income, etc The list of 42 ONLINE services providing through this project.

4.10. Common Entrance Test:

Karnataka has good institutions of education attracts towards teaching higher education from other Indian states and countries. Each year regime conducting the Common Entrance Test. Lakhs of scholars takes the exams and around 50 percent are from outside the Karnataka state. The whole admission process system is transparent. The scholars from outside the Karnataka state take exams in sizable amount shows their trust within the local administration.

4.11. Bangalore One:

The government has signed two agreements in November 2002 with the Microsoft Company for putting in place “Bangalore One”-an online portal where bill state utilities like facility and power distribution could be paid. Citizens can access the portal to test status, pay bills, and acquire information. Taking technology to the doors of Bangalore citizens are that the aim of this project.

4.12. Karnataka One:

KarnatakaOne Project was haunted for implementation by Government of Karnataka for replicating BangaloreOne to other cities of Karnataka for delivering services of multiple Government Organizations and Personal Companies under one roof during a citizen friendly manner. Currently KarnatakaOne is operational at 14 cities Viz., Bellary, Belagavi, Davanagere, Gulbarga, Hubli-Dharwad, Mangalore, Mysore, Shimoga, Tumkur, Bagalkot, Karwar, Udupi, Gadag, and Vijayapura. Services are also are being delivered through KarnatakaOne Portal (www.karnatakaone.gov.in) to facilitate online payments. Centres founded in various cities of Karnataka aside from Bangalore are named as “KarnatakaOne centres”. The Vision of the Karnataka One project is “To provide interface interface for anytime anywhere citizen centric services of the govt. and personal the Government and private Businesses in an integrated, convenient, fair, effective, secure, sustainable and citizen friendly manner using multiple delivery channels through the utilization of IT tools. The Mission of the Karnataka one project is to be "One Stop Shop for Citizen Services"

4.13. Online Text Books:

A downloadable format for text book of sophistication 1 to 12 published by school education department, Government of Karnataka.

4.14. Other Initiatives:

The Commercial Tax Department tracks goods using check post entries. Information about the movement of products is automatically put within the dealers assessment file. In terms of aggregation per GDP, the state is one in all the simplest in India. The Insurance Department uses computers to trace all the govt. vehicle insurance details. Police salary bills are computerized. The irrigation department incorporates a major project on e-tendering and e-procurement. Silk trading exchange in Karnataka has been computerized since 1985.

5. CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF E-GOVERNANCE PROGRAMS:

There are a large number of Challenges within implementation of e-Governance programs in Karnataka are.

5.1. Low literacy in Information Technology:

In Karnataka people According the 2011 Census of India around 25% of individuals are illiterate and people those who are literate, they are doing not have knowledge on Information Technology (IT). Most of the agricultural population within the state isn’t any aware the usage of knowledge Technology. With an occasional level literacy knowledge Technology, the e-Governance programs/projects can’t be implemented successfully.

5.2. Network Problem in the rural areas:

In Rural areas still proper network isn’t available this was the foremost drawback implementation of e-Governance projects.

5.3. Electricity Problem:

Karnataka huge problems in proper Electricity supply especially within the summer season load shedding, hence in rural e-governance service wasn’t possible to produce effectively.

5.4. Different languages:

In Karnataka we have people speaking various languages such Kannada, Tulu, Konkini, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi, Hindi. The people speak different languages in numerous parts of the state this context of language could be a huge challenge in implementing e-Governance projects.

5.5. Huge cost:

Implementation of e-governance programs/projects requires huge amount capital investment.

5.6. Difficult to vary manual work to smart work:

There are many projects initiated by government departments for implementing an idea like e-governance, there’s transformation needed within the public administrative systems and procedures led by a change in the administrative mind-set. But bureaucrats not ready accept smart work in place of manual wok.

6. CONCLUSION:

E-governance has been liable for the progression in technology of developing countries and during this context Karnataka has implemented good projects within the state. The goal of E-governance is that the ability to access and interact with the globe on a fair plain. No state should be left behind when it involves having the ability to speak with each other. Without E-governance, developing countries are going left behind when it involves technology because almost daily, ICT technologies are advancing and changing. Developing countries now have the chance to raised themselves through electronics and make their society be more advanced and more efficient than ever before. A number of these core principles of e-Governance include a transparent understanding and appreciation of the objectives to be achieved, making governance reforms instead of ICT the key focus for these projects, a step-by-step approach to maximum outcomes and benefits, complete re-engineering of presidency systems and procedures, constant monitoring and evaluation, and use of local languages for ensuring citizen-friendly interface.

7. REFERENCES:

1. Prabhu C S R. (2015) “E-governance concepts and case studies” PHI Learning private limited, Delhi. pp. 1-9

2. Minocha O.P (1998)., Good Governance, New Public Management Perspective, The Indian Journal of Public Administration, July-Sept., New Delhi.

3. Dr.S D yogaraju and Dr. Yoganarasimhachari K (2015) E-governance Intiatives in Karnataka State:A Note International Journal Of research in engineering, IT andsocial sciences ISSN 2250-0588,Volume 5, Issue 3, March2015

4. Dr. Pardeep Mittal and Amandeep Kaur (2013) e-governance - A challenge for India‖, IJARCET Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp. 1196-1199.

5. Meghashyam Athalye Shrinivas. (2013)-―e-Governance: issues and challenges, epitome: an online multidisplinary journal, volume 2, issue. 2.

6. www.karnataka.gov.in

7. http://dor.gov.in

8. www.karnatakaone.gov.in

9. http://karunadu.karnataka.gov.in/e-governance

10. www.nadakacheri.karnataka.gov.in

Received on 12.03.2020 Modified on 05.05.2020

Res. J. Humanities and Social Sciences. 2020; 11(4):377-380.

DOI: 10.5958/2321-5828.2020.00061.3